English is the lingua franca of international business, science, technology, aviation, the european union, mass media, the internet and advertising firth. This book explores attitudes related to english as a lingua franca elf and the implications for student identities. Firstly, the paper will explore what is meant by english as a lingua franca elf and followed by the discussion the importance of relevant issues, such as choosing the right teaching model, crosscultural intelligibility and strategies, accommodation and openminded. It would seem possible that elf has developed at least partly as a reaction to monolithic views of languages hall, 20. Theorizing and teaching english examines the english used among nonnative speakers around the world today and its relation to english as a native language, as well as the implications for english language teaching challenging and incisive, this book analyses positive and negative accounts of english as a lingua franca, and its linguistic features, within the. The use of lingua francas has existed since antiquity. Accent, attitude and identity robin walker continues his series on aspects of english as a lingua franca. Latin and koine greek were the lingua francas of the roman empire and the hellenistic culture. Mohammad latif chaudhary are from college of electronic technology, bani walid, libya. Lingua franca article about lingua franca by the free.
English language is functionally promoted to be a lingua franca in asean working language. The results are presented in chapter 9 and discussed in chapter 10. Such a language frequently is used primarily for commercial purposes. It is a wellestablished fact that during the past four centuries, the english language has spread around the world, and that as a result, it is used for a wide range of purposes by many millions of people for whom it is not a mother tongue in the traditional sense of the term. Before entering into the discussion about the present and the prospective status of english as the global lingua franca, it seems appropriate to determine what, in fact, the global lingua franca is.
As pakir 2009 pointed out, the traditional elt paradigm is being challenged in the 21st. Lecturer attitudes towards and perceptions of teaching in. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca. Beliefs and attitudes towards english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. English language materials and testing are discussed.
English language as a lingua franca english language essay. My research has focused on investigating how users of english as a lingua franca elf both represent and construct cultures in intercultural communication. Nonnative teachers attitudes towards english as a lingua. What is not intentional is the window the sketch gives us onto the singleaccent. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom jennifer jenkins english has served as a means of communication among speakers of different first languages i. English as a lingua franca 6 describing english as a lingua franca 7 language in use p variation p accent 12 intelligibility jj pronunciation goals for elf 19 approach 1 use a standard nativespeaker accent 20 approach 2 use a single world standard for pronunciation 21 approach 3 an elf approach based on the. The comedy is as much a comment on those of us watching the sketch, as it is on the insecurities and prejudices of the two scotsmen. Examples are the several varieties of the hybrid pidgin english. English as a lingua franca, since the current surge of research activity is expanding our understanding of elf in useits processes, practices, and linguistic features. In lingua franca interactions it functions as a nativeculturefree code. In defining what elf is, firth 1996 characterizes it as a contact language between individuals who do not share either a common native language or a common national culture. Attitude and identity by jennifer jenkins, 9780194422376, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide.
Critiques current elt practices and sla research perspectives. We then explore the beginnings of elf in its modern manifestation, including the earliest elf research, and tackle the thorny issue of defining elf. The global spread of english as one of the main issues in applied linguistics seidlhofer, 2003 provoked the development of world englishes we, english as a lingua franca elf, and english as an international language eil as new fields of study in english language teaching elt. Will english as a lingua franca impact on native english. Introduction within europe, internationalization is being supported by teaching subjects in english, and especially at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Intelligibility, accentedness, and attitudes in english as. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and worthwhile object of study, some have challenged its value and the idea that elf is a distinct variety of english at all. English used as a lingua franca elf by nonnative speakers contains a huge amount of variation and usually differs quite considerably from english as a native language enl, either as a consequence of imperfect learning, or because elf speakers choose to disregard forms they consider to be communicatively redundant, and instead seek to enhance communicative. A lingua franca pronounced lingwa franka is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different. Examines the role of standard language ideology in the formation of elf attitudes. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english. This paper examines, in general, the perception towards elf or non native speaker nns accents in relation to native speaker ns accents. Yet its present spread and use are so new that english as a lingua franca elf in.
It comes from the author whose book the phonology of english as an international language spearheaded the english as a lingua franca movement a challenge to assumptions, bias and asymmetry held within nativespeaker english standards in efl pedagogy and growing nonnative speaker dominated contexts of english use. Pdf english as a lingua franca attitude and identity. At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages. It has been a thriving field of research for the last twenty years with a growing number of books and journals dedicated to the subject. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Attitudes towards english as a lingua franca sciencedirect. Attitude and identity by jenkins, jennifer robert train.
Languages and cultures through english as a lingua franca. The integrated, almost borderless europe triggers mobility. In addition ways in which the problems can be addressed in teacher education are explored. Katy simpson davies and laura patsko will deliver a british council seminar in glasgow on 26 november 20 on teaching pronunciation and listening in an elf context english as a lingua franca. It argues that the insight that language is far more than an instrument of communication edwards 2010. Attitude and identity find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Request pdf on mar 11, 2014, andy kirkpatrick and others published english as a lingua franca. Intelligibility, accentedness, and attitudes in english as a lingua franca by paul william lochland b. The of english as a lingua franca university of southampton. Edu submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy deakin university march, 2017. Elf is a contact language between persons who share neither a common native tongue nor a common culture, and for whom english is the chosen. In his article saraceni raises three main questions and a number of related debatable comments which i will quickly deal with in my final remarks regarding. Lecturer attitudes towards and perceptions of teaching in english as a lingua franca 1. Lingua franca plays an enormous role in global communication. A lingua franca is a contact language between persons who share neither a common native tongue nor a common national culture, and for whom english is the chosen foreign language of communication. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british. The fully competent speaker of english as a lingua franca.
200 207 june 2009 with 15,686 reads how we measure reads. Based on extensive research conducted among teachers in europe, east asia, and latin america. Teachers are helping students to use english as a lingua franca. The emergence of english as a lingua franca elf has offered us an avenue to reexamine and reconsider the relevance and appropriateness of the traditional native speaker models in english language teaching. English as a lingua franca a native culturefree code. A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do. For one thing, there is no longer the stigma attached to the timehonoured use of the term used to mean such marginal phenomena as. Lingua franca was firstly used during the middle age in mediterranean. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who. English as an asian lingua franca and the multilingual. Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca.
The user of english as a lingua franca may be either native or nonnative is typically bi or multilingual, or bidialectal an englishusing bilingual alptekin, 2005 is likely to be skilled in communicative and comprehension strategies. Prescriptivists generally nonlinguists tend to dismiss elf as a kind of foreigner talk or what has been disparagingly called bsebad. Learning to become users of english as a lingua franca. In the book under the spotlight here, jenkins takes a refreshingly novel view. English as a lingua franca, or elf for short, is currently one of the most dynamic topics in the fields of applied and sociolinguistics and english language teaching. Attitude and identity oxford applied linguistics student guide ed.
We begin by considering how the recent phenomenon of english as a lingua franca henceforth elf fits in with the older notion of lingua francas in general as well as with older versions of elf. Review of developments in research into english as a. This paper challenges the existence of the dichotomy with regard to the english language as it is used today. In this paper i wish to respond to the article published in et 94 by saraceni while at the same time providing some clarifications concerning the concept of english as a lingua franca henceforth elf.
Bulletin of the transilvania university of bra sov series iv. Akkadian died out during classical antiquity and then aramaic remained the common languages of a large part of western asia from several earlier empires the hindustani language hindiurdu is the lingua franca of pakistan and northern india. At the same time, this new and incipient research gives rise to new questions, and inspires further. Exploring attitudes towards english as a lingua franca in. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. In her view, english has become a lingua franca elf in a special sense. Includes suggestions for making elt pedagogy, materials, testing, and teacher. As english is currently the nearly universal lingua franca in academia, investigating academic elf gives a good view of intertwined communities which have long used english as a lingua franca to share and shape genres, and to socialise newcomers into the practices of the communities. English as lingua franca, identity, phraseology, nativeculturefree code, language policy, equitable international communication introduction the existence of a global lingua franca provides a huge advantage to a large number of people. Demonstrates links between elf accent attitudes and elf identities.
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